Chemistry (from Arabic Arabic (العربية al-ʿarabīyah, ( Arabic pronunciation ) or عربي ʿarabi) is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and the Neo-Aramaic languages. In terms of speakers, Arabic is the largest member of the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million:الكيم Latinized: chem (kēme), meaning "earth" Many philosophies and worldviews have used a set of archetypal classical elements, most developed sets of the simplest essential parts and principles of which anything consists or upon which the constitution and fundamental powers of anything are based. There are several approaches , the most frequently occurring theories of classical elements are)[1] is the science Science is, in its broadest sense, any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome. In this sense, science may refer to a highly skilled technique or practice concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter Matter is a term that traditionally refers to the substance that all objects are made of. The common way to identify this "substance" is through its physical properties; a common definition of matter is anything that has mass and occupies a volume. However, this definition has to be revised in light of quantum mechanics, where the, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. They are studied by chemists under a field of science called chemistry. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, often coming about only after the input of some type of energy, viz.[2] It is a physical science Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science and science that study non-living systems, in contrast to the biological sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical science also study biological phenomena for studies of various atoms The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons . The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain, molecules A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule is used less strictly and also is applied to charged organic molecules, crystals A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material, whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called and other aggregates of matter whether in isolation or combination, which incorporates the concepts of energy In physics, energy is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of work that can be performed by a force, an attribute of objects and systems that is subject to a conservation law. Different forms of energy include kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, light, elastic, and electromagnetic energy. The forms of energy are and entropy Within thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, entropy is a measure of the number of random ways in which a system may be arranged; often taken to be a measure of "disorder". Increases in entropy correspond to irreversible changes in a system, because some energy must be expended as waste heat, limiting the amount of work a system can in relation to the spontaneity A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable, energy state. The sign convention of changes in free energy follows the general convention for thermodynamic measurements, in which a release of free energy from the system corresponds to a negative change of chemical processes In a "scientific" sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Such a chemical process can occur by itself or be caused by somebody. Such a chemical process commonly involves a chemical reaction of some sort. In an "engineering" sense, a chemical process is a. Modern chemistry evolved out of alchemy Alchemy (Hebrew:אלכימיה al-khimia) is both a philosophy and a practice with an aim of achieving ultimate wisdom as well as immortality, involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of several substances described as possessing unusual properties. The practical aspect of alchemy generated the basics of modern inorganic and began to develop into its modern form through the 10th Century Arab world and following the chemical revolution The Chemical Revolution, also called the first chemical revolution, denotes the reformulation of chemistry based on the Law of Conservation of Matter and the oxygen theory of combustion. It was centered on the work of French chemist Antoine Lavoisier . On February 20, 1773, Lavoisier wrote: "the importance of the end in view prompted me to (1773).
Disciplines within chemistry are traditionally grouped by the type of matter being studied or the kind of study. These include inorganic chemistry Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, and there is much overlap, most importantly, the study of inorganic Traditionally, inorganic compounds are considered to be of a mineral, not biological, origin. Complementarily, most organic compounds are traditionally viewed as being of biological origin. Over the past century, the precise classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists, primarily because the majority of matter; organic chemistry Organic Chemistry is a discipline within chemistry that involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. These compounds may contain any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur., the study of organic An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered inorganic. The division between "organic" and " matter; biochemistry Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, the study of substances A chemical substance is a material with a specific chemical composition found in biological organisms The term "organism" first appeared in the English language in 1701 and took on its current definition by 1834 (Oxford English Dictionary); physical chemistry Physical chemistry is the explanation of macroscopic, microscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical concepts; sometimes using the principles, practices and concepts of physics like thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and dynamics, the energy In physics, energy is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of work that can be performed by a force, an attribute of objects and systems that is subject to a conservation law. Different forms of energy include kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, light, elastic, and electromagnetic energy. The forms of energy are related studies of chemical systems at macro, molecular and submolecular scales; analytical chemistry Analytical chemistry is the study of the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials. Properties studied in analytical chemistry include geometric features such as molecular morphologies and distributions of species, as well as features such as composition and species identity. Unlike the sub disciplines inorganic chemistry and, the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. An empirical formula makes no reference to isomerism, structure, or absolute number of atoms. The empirical formula is used as standard for most ionic compounds, such as CaCl2, and for macromolecules, such and structure A chemical structure includes molecular geometry, electronic structure and crystal structure of a chemical compound. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. Molecular geometry can range from the very simple, such as diatomic oxygen or nitrogen molecules, to. Many more specialized disciplines have emerged in recent years, e.g. neurochemistry Neurochemistry is the specific study of neurochemicals, which include neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function. This principle closely examines the manner in which these neurochemicals influence the network of neural operation. This evolving area of neuroscience offers a neurochemist a micro- the chemical study of the nervous system The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord. The (see subdisciplines).
Contents |
Bernama
kuala lumpur, Jan 12 (Bernama) -- The Sessions Court here Tuesday reminded the prosecution to get a chemistry report as quickly as possible so as not to ...
and more »
200px x 200px | 44.10kB
[source page]
Prof Phil Bartlett Chemistry research
unknown
Fri, 08 Jan 2010 11:40:06 GM
These Science Tattoos are Better than a Bunsen Burner (GALLERY): Who wants me to be real? 'Cause I have to fess up and say that I've never passed any science cl.
Q. You know when you put ground pepper ontop of water in a dish. The pepper floats on top, covering the water. But when you put some dishwater soap on your finger and stick it in the middle of the dish, The pepper moves away from the finger. How do you explain this in terms of chemistry and physics?
Asked by Mike - Mon Dec 31 03:43:41 2007 - - 1 Answers - 0 Comments
A. The answer is on this site: The "simple" answer is that the surface tension of the pepper particles is less than "pure" water (about 72 ergs/cm^2), so the pepper particles tend to float on the water's surface. When you add a drop of soap, you greatly reduce the surface tension of the water near the point at which you add the soap. Initially, this causes a repulsion of the pepper particles and the particles tend to follow the high surface tension areas. If you shake the solution, you will find that the pepper particles get "wetted" by the soap solution and the pepper will disperse in the soap solution.
Answered by ChatNoir - Mon Dec 31 04:50:51 2007
